A tsunami is a fast-moving ocean wave or a series of waves. In the deep ocean, a tsunami is usually no more than one metre tall. When a tsunami reaches shallow water, it can grow as high as 30 metres.
An underwater earthquake, a volcanic eruption, or a landslide can trigger a tsunami. For example, when an earthquake happens, the sea floor shifts. This sudden movement creates a sea bulge that sends out a series of ripple-like waves. In the deep ocean, these ripples are very wide and low, and travel fast. They cannot be felt aboard ships, nor can they be seen from the air in the open ocean.
A chain of tsunami waves can be very destructive. The pounding water can strip away sand from beaches and tear up trees and other vegetation. A tsunami can destroy coastal towns and villages. People can be swept away and drowned.
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